城市鸟类多样性研究中的多维度探索研究进展
摘要： 世界范围内的城市化进程带来了诸多生态问题，一个共同结果是物种多样性的急剧丧失。鸟类是受城市化进程影响最深的生物类群之一，其中最显著的影响是城市化降低了鸟类多样性并改变了鸟类群落的物种组成。人类主导的城市生态系统取代了原生栖息地，城市基础设施、植被和人类活动极大地改变了栖息地环境。本文从城市景观、城市绿地生境异质性和人类干扰3个角度总结了城市鸟类多样性的研究进展，介绍了新的多样性测度方法和解释城市生态系统3种不同维度的鸟类多样性指数。文章提出，未来城市建设中，应增强斑块连通性、增加绿地异质性和增添活动缓冲区等具体措施，以保护城市鸟类多样性；并为我国城市鸟类多样性的深入研究提出5点建议。
关键词: 景观格局, 景观异质性, 绿地异质性, 人为干扰, 多样性保护
Abstract: Urbanization across the world has results in many ecological problems, among which is the rapid loss of species diversity. Birds are one of the taxa most affected by urbanization. For instance, urbanization significantly reduces bird diversity and changes species composition of bird communities. Human-dominated urban ecosystems have replaced native habitats. Urban infrastructure, vegetation, and human activities have greatly changed the urban environment. Here, we summarize research progress on urban avian diversity from three perspectives: urban landscape, urban greenspace habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance. In addition, we introduce several novel diversity indices and three different dimensions to explore avian diversity in urban ecosystems. We propose specific measures to protect avian diversity during urbanization, such as enhancing patch connectivity, increasing green spaceheterogeneity, and increasing buffer zones. We put forward five suggestions for in-depth research on urban avian diversity in China.
Key words: landscape pattern, landscape heterogeneity, greenspace heterogeneity, human disturbance, diversity protection.
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