Python类中方法种类与修饰符从基础到实战详解
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from datetime import datetime
class Product(ABC):
tax_rate = 0.1
def __init__(self, name, price, quantity):
self.name = name
self.price = price
self.quantity = quantity
self.__id = self.__generate_id()
def __generate_id(self):
timestamp = int(datetime.now().timestamp())
return f"PROD-{timestamp}"
@property
def id(self):
return self.__id
@abstractmethod
def display_info(self):
pass
@classmethod
def update_tax_rate(cls, new_rate):
cls.tax_rate = new_rate
@staticmethod
def calculate_discount(price, discount):
return price * (1 - discount)
def sell(self, quantity):
if quantity <= self.quantity:
self.quantity -= quantity
total = quantity * self.price * (1 + self.tax_rate)
return f"已售出 {quantity} 件 {self.name}, 总价: {total:.2f}"
return "库存不足"
class Book(Product):
def __init__(self, name, price, quantity, author):
super().__init__(name, price, quantity)
self.author = author
def display_info(self):
return (f"图书: {self.name}n"
f"作者: {self.author}n"
f"价格: ￥{self.price:.2f}n"
f"库存: {self.quantity}件n"
f"含税价: ￥{self.price * (1 + self.tax_rate):.2f}")
class Electronics(Product):
def __init__(self, name, price, quantity, warranty):
super().__init__(name, price, quantity)
self.warranty = warranty
def display_info(self):
return (f"电子产品: {self.name}n"
f"保修: {self.warranty}个月n"
f"价格: ￥{self.price:.2f}n"
f"库存: {self.quantity}件n"
f"含税价: ￥{self.price * (1 + self.tax_rate):.2f}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
Product.update_tax_rate(0.15)
book = Book("Python编程", 59.99, 100, "John Doe")
phone = Electronics("智能手机", 2999.99, 50, 24)
print(book.display_info())
print("n" + phone.display_info())
print("n" + book.sell(2))
print(phone.sell(1))
discounted_price = Product.calculate_discount(phone.price, 0.2)
print(f"n手机8折价: ￥{discounted_price:.2f}")
print(f"n图书ID: {book.id}")
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