鹦鹉的语言能力：掌握100多个单词并理解含义
Although parrots have learned to copy the sounds that make up words，they don't really know what they are saying．But there is one parrot who speaks more than a hundred words and in fact understands their meanings．He is an African parrot named Alex．
Dr．Irene Pepperberg，a scientist at the University of Arizona，has worked with Alex for nineteen years．He had to learn one word at a time．Irene and Jane，one of her students，would teach Alex by showing him what a word means．Irene would hold up an object，saying"What's this？"Her students would give the word---"apple"，for example---while Alex watched．Irene would praise her student，and then ask Alex the name for the object．When he got it right，Irene would praise him and give him something delicious．It took Alex many weeks to learn his first word．After that，each new word became easier and easier for him．
Why did Irene spend so much time getting a parrot to talk？Scientists like Irene are interested in discovering how smart animals are．But it has always been difficult，partly because animals haven't been able to communicate clearly with humans．Teaching Alex to speak words that he understands has let Irene talk to him directly．She can ask him questions，and he can answer them in English．In this way，Irene is finding out what sorts of things Alex's brain can do．She has found that parrots are much smarter than scientists used to think．The word"birdbrain"is certainly not for Alex．
Alex can recognize and correctly name over forty kinds of objects，five different shapes，five materials，and seven colors．He can use his knowledge to solve problems and answer questions．For example，from a group of objects，he can pick out up to six things of a certain color．He can also pick out objects he is told to pick out，such as bigger or smaller and same or different ones．
尽管鹦鹉已经学会了模仿组成单词的声音，但它们并不真正知道自己在说什么。 但是有一种鹦鹉能说100多个单词，而且还能理解它们的意思。 它是一只名叫亚历克斯的非洲鹦鹉。
亚利桑那大学的科学家艾琳·佩珀伯格博士和亚历克斯一起工作了十九年。 他必须一次学一个单词。 艾琳和她的一个学生简会教亚历克斯一个单词的意思。 艾琳会举起一个物体，说:“这是什么?”
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