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基于鸟类多样性保护的上海中心城区生态网络构建研究

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-10-12 14:28

作者:

张瀚月

1.上海市园林科学规划研究院，城市困难立地生态园林国家林业和草原局重点实验室，国家林业和草原局城市困难立地绿化造林国家创新联盟，上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心，上海 200232；
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张冬梅

张浪

余浩然

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市生态廊道多尺度结构与功能连接度的关联机制”（编号：32171569）；上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目“超大城市上海公园城市构建关键技术研究与示范”（编号：23DZ1204400）；上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目“基于生物多样性的城市困难立地高质量园林绿化智能技术及示范”（编号：22DZ1202200）；上海市园林科学规划研究院青年启动项目“基于生物多样性保护提升的城市生态廊道最小宽度确定方法”（编号：2023-2-1）

Construction of Ecological Networks in the Center Urban Area of Shanghai Based on Bird Diversity Conservation

Author:

ZHANG Hanyue

1. Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, National Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Afforestation and Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sties, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape on Challenging Urban Sties, Shanghai, China, 200232;
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ZHANG Dongmei

ZHANG Lang

YU Haoran

2. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210037
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摘要 | | 访问统计 | | | |

摘要:

城市化进程的高速发展不仅影响着城市生态系统，还威胁着城市生物多样性。城市生态网络是保障生态过程、维护生态安全、提升城市生态系统服务的有效途径，科学构建生物多样性保护空间网络是保障并提升生物多样性水平的必要措施。基于上海中心城区鸟类空间分布点位、气象、土地利用、植被指数及夜光灯指数数据，通过物种分布模型识别出鸟类适生区，进而筛选生态源地和构建鸟类活动阻力面，并结合最小成本路径模型模拟生成鸟类多样性保护的上海中心城区生态廊道。研究表明：（1）建筑物面积占比和植被指数NDVI是影响鸟类分布最为重要的因素，建筑物面积占比越小，植被指数植NDVI越高，鸟类生境适宜性越高；（2）识别出的60个生态源地平均中心度为321.98，主要位于外环绿带及楔形绿地区域，合计面积4 975.47 hm2，占全部高适生区的55.26%，其中最大斑块面积431.73 hm2，外环绿带及城中楔形绿地区域是鸟类的重要栖息地；（3）建筑物占比较多、人类活动频繁、植被覆盖相对较少的城市中央活动区鸟类迁移阻力较高，外环绿带对生态网络整体连通性至关重要。研究成果为高密度城市建成区的生物多样性保护和生态空间格局优化提供了新的视角和科学支撑，对城市生态规划和可持续发展具有重要意义。

Abstract:

The rapid development of urbanization affects urban ecosystems and threatens urban biodiversity. Urban ecological networks effectively ensure ecological processes, maintain ecological security, and enhance urban ecosystem services. Scientifically constructing a biodiversity conservation spatial network is necessary to guarantee and improve biodiversity levels. Based on bird spatial distribution points, meteorological data, land use, vegetation index, and night light index data in the central urban area of Shanghai, this study identified suitable bird habitats through species distribution models, selected ecological sources, and constructed a bird activity resistance surface. It also simulated the creation of ecological corridors for bird diversity conservation in central Shanghai by the least-cost path model. The study shows that: (1) The proportion of buildings and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) are the most critical factors affecting bird distribution, and the smaller the proportion of building area and the higher the NDVI will achieve the higher the habitat suitability for birds; (2) The 60 identified ecological sources have an average centrality of 321.98, mainly located in the outer ring green belt and wedge-shaped green areas, covering a total area of 4 975.47 hm2, accounting for 55.26% of all high-suitability areas, among which the largest patch area being 431.73 hm2; (3) Urban central activity areas with a higher proportion of buildings, frequent human activities, and relatively less vegetation cover have higher bird migration resistance, and the outer ring green belt is crucial to the overall connectivity of the ecological network. The study provides a new perspective and scientific support for urban biodiversity protection and ecological spatial pattern optimization, which is significant for urban ecological planning and sustainable development.

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