C++语言学习笔记8：宠物小屋
动物：猫 (CCat)、狗（CDog）、蛇（CSnake）
包含名字（m_strName）、颜色（m_strColor）、年龄（m_nAge）。笼子类（CCage）：负责装动物，每个笼子的编号不能相同，一个笼子只装一个动物。
房子类（CHouse）：负责存放装动物的笼子。
人（CPeople）：负责花钱买动物，造笼子，将动物放在笼子中，存放到房子里，杀死某个笼子动物，销毁某个笼子（如果有动物一并销毁），查看某个或所有笼子动物，和某个动物玩耍。
getline控制台程序，通过输入命含，可以进行简单的人机交互。 提示：获取输入字符可以用string:getline(cin,cmd);//获取输入的命令(阻塞等待)。 #include<string> basic istream<_Elem,_Traits>& getline(basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>&_Istr,basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc>& _Str,const _Elem_Delim) _Istr : 表示一个输入流，譬如cin. _Str : 将输入流读取的字符串放到_Str中。 _Delim : 遇到这个学符就停正读取，不设置默认为'n' 12345678910111213 值传递vs指针or引用
//尽量不用值传递，用引用or指针
//原因：值传递时并不是直接把变量a=1传过去，而是在函数里面重新创建了一个跟a的类型一样的变量b，让b=1，因此涉及到变量创建和变量赋值的过程，如果该变量类型是一个很大的类，那么会创建很久赋值很久 ，性能损耗比较大。而指针的话就是创建一个指针和赋值一个地址，性能损耗相对来说小很多，引用则是创建一个指向变量a的符号b~
#pragma once #include <string> using namespace std; class CAnimal { public:CAnimal(void);virtual ~CAnimal(void); public:int m_nAge;string m_strName;string m_strColor; public:virtual void PlayAnimal() = 0;//纯虚函数，抽象类，不可以定义对象void InitAnimal(string& name, string& color, int age);void ShowAnimal(); }; 123456789101112131415161718
#pragma once #include "Animal.h" class CCage { public:CCage(void);~CCage(void); public:CAnimal* m_pAni;int m_nId; public:void InitCage(int id); }; 1234567891011121314
#pragma once #include "Animal.h" class CCat : public CAnimal { public: CCat(void); ~CCat(void); public: virtual void PlayAnimal(); }; 123456789101112
#pragma once #define ANIMAL_KIDN_CAT1 #define ANIMAL_KIDN_DOG2 #define ANIMAL_KIDN_SNAKE3 #define ANIMAL_COST_CAT400 #define ANIMAL_COST_DOG600 #define ANIMAL_COST_SNAKE1000 #define PEOPLE_MONEY2000 #define CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_DOG"buy dog" #define CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_CAT"buy cat" #define CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_SNAKE"buy snake" #define CMD_PROGRAM_QUIT"quit" #define CMD_LOOK_ANIMAL"look" #define CMD_KILL_ANIMAL"kill" #define CMD_DESTORY_CAGE"destory" #define CMD_PLAYWITH_ANIMAL"play" #define CMD_SHOW_PEOPLE"show" #define CMD_HELP"help" 123456789101112131415161718192021222324
#pragma once #include "Animal.h" class CDog : public CAnimal { public:CDog(void);~CDog(void); public:virtual void PlayAnimal(); }; 123456789101112
#pragma once #include <list> using namespace std; #include "Cage.h" class CHouse { public:CHouse(void);~CHouse(void); public:list<CCage*> m_lstCage; }; 12345678910111213
#pragma once #include <string> using namespace std; #include "Animal.h" #include "Cage.h" #include "House.h" class CPeople { public:CPeople(void);~CPeople(void); public:int m_nMoney;string m_nstrName; public:void InitPeople(string& name, int money);//尽量不用值传递，用引用or指针//原因：值传递时并不是直接把变量a=1传过去，而是在函数里面重新创建了一个跟a的类型一样的变量b，让b=1，因此涉及到变量创建和变量赋值的过程，如果该变量类型是一个很大的类，那么会创建很久赋值很久 ，性能损耗比较大。而指针的话就是创建一个指针和赋值一个地址，性能损耗相对来说小很多，引用则是创建一个指向变量a的符号b~void ShowPeople();bool BuyAnimal(CAnimal* pAni, int AnimalKind);CCage* CreateCage();void PushAnimal(CCage* pCage, CAnimal* pAnimal);void PushCage(CHouse* pHouse, CCage* pCage);void LookAnimal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id);void PlayWithAniamal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id);void KillAnimal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id);void DestoryCage(CHouse* pHouse, int Id); }; 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
#pragma once #include "Animal.h" class CSnake : public CAnimal { public:CSnake(void);~CSnake(void); public:virtual void PlayAnimal(); }; 1234567891011 源文件
#include "Animal.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CAnimal::CAnimal(void) {m_strColor = "";m_strName = "";m_nAge = 0; } CAnimal::~CAnimal(void) {m_strColor = "";m_strName = "";m_nAge = 0; } void CAnimal::InitAnimal(string& name, string& color, int age) {m_strName = name;m_strColor = color;m_nAge = age; } void CAnimal::ShowAnimal() {cout << "Animal info:name=" << m_strName << ",color=" << m_strColor << ",age=" << m_nAge << endl; } 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
#include "Cage.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CCage::CCage(void) {m_pAni = NULL;m_nId = 0; } CCage::~CCage(void) { } void CCage::InitCage(int id) {m_nId = id; } 12345678910111213141516
#include "Cat.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CCat::CCat(void) { } CCat::~CCat(void) { } void CCat::PlayAnimal() {cout << "猫猫喵喵叫~" << endl; } 123456789101112131415
#include "Dog.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CDog::CDog(void) { } CDog::~CDog(void) { } void CDog::PlayAnimal() {cout << "狗狗汪汪叫~" << endl; } 123456789101112131415
#include "House.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CHouse::CHouse(void) {m_lstCage.clear(); } CHouse::~CHouse(void) {list<CCage*>::iterator ite = m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != m_lstCage.end()){//先删除动物，再删除笼子，最后回收清空链表if ((*ite)->m_pAni) //判断有没有动物{delete (*ite)->m_pAni;(*ite)->m_pAni = NULL;}delete(*ite);(*ite) = NULL;//ite++;//方式1ite = m_lstCage.erase(ite);//方式2//擦除，返回删除的下一个节点，其功能等同于ite++}m_lstCage.clear(); } 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
#include "People.h" #include "Def_config.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CPeople::CPeople(void) {m_nMoney = 0;m_nstrName = ""; } CPeople::~CPeople(void) {m_nMoney = 0;m_nstrName = ""; } void CPeople::InitPeople(string& name, int money) {m_nMoney = money;m_nstrName = name; } void CPeople::ShowPeople() {cout << "people info:name" << m_nstrName << ",money=" << m_nMoney << endl; } #define BUY_ANIMAL(ANIMAL_COST,TIPS)if (m_nMoney - ANIMAL_COST < 0){cout << TIPS << endl;return false;}else{cout << "购买成功" << endl;}m_nMoney -= ANIMAL_COST; bool CPeople::BuyAnimal(CAnimal* pAni, int AnimalKind) {if (pAni == NULL){cout << "没有动物啦，不用买了" << endl;return false;}switch (AnimalKind){case ANIMAL_KIDN_CAT:{//if (m_nMoney - ANIMAL_COST_CAT < 0) {//cout << "买猫咪钱不够噢~攒攒钱再来吧~" << endl;//return false;//}//m_nMoney -= ANIMAL_COST_CAT;BUY_ANIMAL(ANIMAL_COST_CAT, "买猫咪钱不够噢~攒攒钱再来吧~")}break;case ANIMAL_KIDN_DOG:{BUY_ANIMAL(ANIMAL_COST_DOG, "买狗狗钱不够噢~攒攒钱再来吧~")}break;case ANIMAL_KIDN_SNAKE:{BUY_ANIMAL(ANIMAL_COST_SNAKE, "买小蛇钱不够噢~攒攒钱再来吧~")}break;}return true; } CCage* CPeople::CreateCage() {CCage* pCage = new CCage;int Id = 0;do{cout << "请输入笼子编号（编号应>0）：" << endl;cin >> Id;} while (Id <= 0);pCage->InitCage(Id);return pCage; } void CPeople::PushAnimal(CCage* pCage, CAnimal* pAnimal) {if (pCage == NULL){cout << "没有笼子，不能装动物啊" << endl;return;}if (pAnimal == NULL){cout << "没有动物，不用装笼子啊" << endl;return;}pCage->m_pAni = pAnimal;cout << "动物成功装进笼子啦" << endl; } void CPeople::PushCage(CHouse* pHouse, CCage* pCage) {if (pHouse == NULL){cout << "没有房子啊" << endl;return;}if (pCage == NULL){cout << "没有笼子啦" << endl;}pHouse->m_lstCage.push_back(pCage);cout << "笼子成功放到房子里去啦" << endl; } void CPeople::LookAnimal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id) {if (pHouse == NULL){cout << "没有房子啊，当然也没有笼子和动物，你想看空气吗？" << endl;return;}//查看笼子，id==0的话，是查看所有笼子，id=1就查看1号笼子以此类推~if (Id == 0)//代表查看所有笼子里的动物{list<CCage*>::iterator ite = pHouse->m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != pHouse->m_lstCage.end()){if (*ite)//先判断有没有笼子{cout << "笼子编号：ID=" << (*ite)->m_nId << "";if ((*ite)->m_pAni) //判断笼子里有没有动物{(*ite)->m_pAni->ShowAnimal();}else {cout << "没有动物呀~" << endl;}}ite++;}}else {//遍历匹配某号笼子里的动物list<CCage*>::iterator ite = pHouse->m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != pHouse->m_lstCage.end()){if (*ite){if ((*ite)->m_nId == Id) //匹配成功{cout << "笼子编号：ID=" << (*ite)->m_nId << "";if ((*ite)->m_pAni) //判断笼子里有没有动物{(*ite)->m_pAni->ShowAnimal();}else {cout << "没有动物呀~" << endl;}return;}}ite++;}} } void CPeople::PlayWithAniamal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id) {if (pHouse == NULL){cout << "没有房子啊，当然也没有笼子和动物，你是个孤儿，自己玩儿吧" << endl;return;}list<CCage*>::iterator ite = pHouse->m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != pHouse->m_lstCage.end())//遍历{if ((*ite) && (*ite)->m_nId == Id) //匹配到笼子{if ((*ite)->m_pAni){cout << "name = " << m_nstrName << "正在玩儿~" << "";(*ite)->m_pAni->PlayAnimal();}return;}ite++;}cout << "没有找到笼子和动物一块儿玩儿~" << endl; } void CPeople::KillAnimal(CHouse* pHouse, int Id) {if (pHouse == NULL){cout << "没有房子啊，当然也没有笼子和动物，不需要杀死or抛弃动物了，你已经是孤儿了~" << endl;return;}list<CCage*>::iterator ite = pHouse->m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != pHouse->m_lstCage.end())//遍历{if ((*ite) && (*ite)->m_nId == Id) //匹配到笼子{if ((*ite)->m_pAni){delete (*ite)->m_pAni;(*ite)->m_pAni = NULL;}cout << "成功杀死动物" << endl;return;}ite++;}cout << "没有匹配到笼子，杀死动物失败" << endl; } void CPeople::DestoryCage(CHouse* pHouse, int Id) {if (pHouse == NULL){cout << "没有房子啊，当然也没有笼子，没办法销毁笼子嗷~" << endl;return;}list<CCage*>::iterator ite = pHouse->m_lstCage.begin();while (ite != pHouse->m_lstCage.end())//遍历{if ((*ite) && (*ite)->m_nId == Id) //匹配到笼子{//先判断有无动物，有的话删除动物if ((*ite)->m_pAni){delete (*ite)->m_pAni;(*ite)->m_pAni = NULL;}//销毁笼子delete (*ite);(*ite) = NULL;//删除链表节点pHouse->m_lstCage.erase(ite);cout << "成功销毁笼子" << endl;return;}ite++;}cout << "没有找到需要销毁的笼子" << endl; } 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239
#include "Snake.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; CSnake::CSnake(void) { } CSnake::~CSnake(void) { } void CSnake::PlayAnimal() {cout << "蛇嘶嘶吐舌~" << endl; } 123456789101112131415 主函数
#include "People.h" #include "House.h" #include "Def_config.h" #include "Dog.h" #include "Cat.h" #include "Snake.h" #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; #define DEF_BUY_ANIMAL_PART(ANI_CLASS,ANI_KIND)pAni = new ANI_CLASS;GetAnimalAttr(Animalname, color, age);pAni->InitAnimal(Animalname, color, age);pPeople->BuyAnimal(pAni, ANI_KIND); void GetAnimalAttr(string& Animalname, string& color, int &age) {cout << "请输入动物信息：1.名字 2.颜色 3.年龄（例：小娃 白 5）" << endl;string AnimalAttr;getline(cin, AnimalAttr);stringstream ss(AnimalAttr);string s;int i = 0;while (ss >> s){switch (i){case 0: {Animalname = s;} break;case 1: {color = s;} break;case 2: {age = atoi(s.c_str());//字符串转int类型} break;}i++;}//以空格为标记点 遍历三次 依次把名字 颜色 年龄获取到 } void showHelp() {cout << CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_DOG << ":买狗" << endl;cout << CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_CAT << ":买猫" << endl;cout << CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_SNAKE << ":买蛇" << endl;cout << CMD_PROGRAM_QUIT << ":退出程序" << endl;cout << CMD_LOOK_ANIMAL << ":查看动物信息" << endl;cout << CMD_KILL_ANIMAL << ":杀死动物" << endl;cout << CMD_DESTORY_CAGE << ":销毁笼子及笼内动物" << endl;cout << CMD_PLAYWITH_ANIMAL << ":和动物玩耍" << endl;cout << CMD_SHOW_PEOPLE << ":展示人物信息" << endl;cout << CMD_HELP << ":帮助文档" << endl; } int main(){CPeople* pPeople = new CPeople;CHouse* pHouse = new CHouse;string name = "小红";pPeople->InitPeople(name, PEOPLE_MONEY);string cmd;showHelp();while (1){//cin >> cmd;// cmd只会读取到buy，空格后的内容没有读取到，可以尝试用getline解决该问题//getline(cin, cmd);//第三个参数不给的话默认'n'结束//问题：第二次循环到getline的时候，由于缓冲区有第一次cin没获取的n，所以第二次getline时程序无法cin，直接获取缓冲区的n，因此后面不会进入任何一个if，直接空循环一次再回到getline（此时为第三次，缓冲区为空，cin……，也就是说该代码在循环偶数次情况下均无法正常cin）//解决方式：利用cin.sync();//清除缓冲区cin.sync();getline(cin, cmd);//———————————————————————————— 退出————————————————————————————if (CMD_PROGRAM_QUIT == cmd){break;}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//———————————————————————————— 帮助—————————————————————————————if (CMD_HELP == cmd){showHelp();}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//—————————————————————人机交互 买动物 安置动物—————————————————————{CAnimal* pAni = NULL;string Animalname;string color;int age;if (CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_CAT == cmd){cout << "买猫咪~" << endl;DEF_BUY_ANIMAL_PART(CCat, ANIMAL_KIDN_CAT);}else if (CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_DOG == cmd){cout << "买狗狗~" << endl;DEF_BUY_ANIMAL_PART(CDog, ANIMAL_KIDN_DOG);}else if (CMD_BUY_ANIMAL_SNAKE == cmd){cout << "买小蛇~" << endl;DEF_BUY_ANIMAL_PART(CSnake, ANIMAL_KIDN_SNAKE);}//安置动物if (pAni)//判断有没有动物，是否购买成功了{//建笼子CCage* pCage = pPeople->CreateCage();//装笼子pPeople->PushAnimal(pCage, pAni);//笼子放到房子里pPeople->PushCage(pHouse, pCage);}}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//——————————————————————————查看动物——————————————————————————————if (CMD_LOOK_ANIMAL == cmd){int id = 0;cout << "请输入查看笼子的ID（id==0：代表查看所有动物）" << endl;cin >> id;pPeople->LookAnimal(pHouse, id);}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————int id = 0;//——————————————————————————杀死动物——————————————————————————————if (CMD_KILL_ANIMAL == cmd){cout << "请输入需要杀死动物的所属笼子ID" << endl;cin >> id;pPeople->KillAnimal(pHouse, id);}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//——————————————————————————销毁笼子————————————————————————————sshowif (CMD_DESTORY_CAGE == cmd){cout << "请输入需要销毁的笼子ID" << endl;cin >> id;pPeople->DestoryCage(pHouse, id);}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//——————————————————————————和动物玩——————————————————————————————if (CMD_PLAYWITH_ANIMAL == cmd){cout << "请输入想一起玩耍的动物所属笼子ID" << endl;cin >> id;pPeople->PlayWithAniamal(pHouse, id);}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————//——————————————————————————人物信息——————————————————————————————if (CMD_SHOW_PEOPLE == cmd){pPeople->ShowPeople();}//——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————}//回收人、屋子的空间~(笼子和动物已经在屋子的析构里写了，所有不用再删啦)delete pPeople;pPeople = NULL;delete pHouse;pHouse = NULL;return 0; } 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189
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