养猫者有五类，你是哪一类？
If you have a cat, you may fall in one of five categories ranging from "conscientious caretaker" to "tolerant guardian," according to researchers at the University of Exeter in England.
英国埃克塞特大学的研究人员称，如果你养猫，你可能可以归入五类中的一类，从“认真的看护者”到“宽容的守护者”。
Domestic cats fall on a spectrum based on their proclivity to hunting and roaming and the supervision levels of their owners can affect how the feline pets interact with their surrounding environments.
家猫根据它们捕猎和漫游的倾向，以及主人对它们的监督程度，会影响猫宠与周围环境的互动。
Whereas some owners embrace the more wild tendencies of their cats and allow them the space to roam outdoors, others prefer raising house cats, keeping their furry friends inside and under supervision.
虽然有些主人接受他们的猫更野性的一面，并允许它们在户外漫步，但其他人更喜欢养家猫，把它们毛茸茸的朋友们关在家里，并受到监督。
Depending on where in this spectrum, you may be a "conscientious caretakers" or a "freedom defender."
根据你在这一范围内的位置，你可能会属于一个“尽责的看护人”或一个“自由卫士”。
These groupings were determined as part of the Exeter team's ongoing research project "Cats, Cat Owners and Wildlife" which aims to identify ways for owners to manage their cats while reducing wildlife killing.
这些分组是埃克塞特团队正在进行的研究项目“猫、猫主人和野生动物”的一部分，该项目旨在找出方法，让主人管理猫的同时可以猫对野生动物的捕杀。
In the UK, where the ongoing study is being conducted, there are upwards of 10 million domestic cats by some estimates.
在正在进行这项研究的英国，据估计有超过1000万只家猫。
While a large cat population is not inherently negative, these distinctly independent pets can create risks for themselves and smaller animals in their path.
虽然大量的猫种群本身并不是消极的，但这些明显独立的宠物会给它们自己和它们遇到的小动物带来风险。
"I think normally it's framed as a debate between cat owners or cat advocates and conservationists, particularly bird conservationists," says Sarah Crowley, an anthrozoologist based in Exeter's Centre for Geography and Environmental Science (CGES).
“我认为这通常是一场猫主人、猫的支持者和自然资源保护者，尤其是鸟类保护者之间的争论，”埃克塞特地理与环境科学中心的人类动物学家萨拉·克劳利说。
Anthrozoologists study the interactions between humans and other animals.
人类动物学家研究的是人类和其他动物之间的相互作用。
Crowley and her colleagues at the University of Exeter have been seeking the middle ground in this conflict by considering the perspectives of cat owners.
克罗利和她在埃克塞特大学的同事们一直在从养猫人的角度出发，寻找这场冲突的中间地带。
The ultimate goal of their work is to identify the best practices in sustainably managing cats' behavior, ideally in a way that keeps all parties satisfied.
他们工作的最终目标是确定可持续管理猫行为的最佳做法，最好是让各方都满意。
They have since identified five distinctive cat owner perspectives:
此后，他们确定了五种不同的养猫态度：
1.Concerned protectors focus on cat safety.
第一类：关心猫咪安全的保护者。
2.Freedom defenders strongly prioritize cat independence and oppose restrictions on behavior.
第二类：强烈重视猫的独立性，并反对对行为的限制的猫咪自由捍卫者。
3.Tolerant guardians believe outdoor access is important for cats but dislike their hunting.
第三类：相信户外活动对猫很重要，但不喜欢它们去捕猎的猫咪宽容的守护者。
4.Conscientious caretakers feel they bear some responsibility for managing their cats' hunting.
第四类：觉得他们对管理他们的猫的狩猎负有一定的责任的猫咪的认真看护者。
5.Laissez‐faire landlords who were largely unaware of the issues surrounding roaming and hunting behaviors.
第五类：对猫咪的漫游和狩猎行为一无所知的放任的猫主人。
Outdoor cats don't only endanger birds and rodents; without human supervision they may also be at risk themselves.
户外猫不仅危害鸟类和啮齿动物;如果没有人类的监督，它们自己也可能处于危险之中。
"Cats roaming outdoors are more at risk for traffic accidents. They're also more at risk for disease," Crowley said.
“在户外游荡的猫更容易发生交通事故。它们也更容易患病，”克劳利说。
"People don't tend to worry so much about rats and mice, but people are definitely concerned about birds and, in some countries, other vulnerable animals like small reptiles," she said.
她说:“人们通常不会太担心老鼠，但人们肯定会担心鸟类，在一些国家，还有其他脆弱的动物，比如小型爬行动物。”
Crowley notes that not all cats hunt or roam equally and variations increase even more between a city cat, for example, versus a farm cat.
克鲁利指出，并不是所有的猫都一样地捕食或巡游，城市猫和农场猫之间的差异就更大了。
It was important to the Exeter research team to speak to cat owners directly due to the range in cat behavioral types.
对于埃克塞特的研究团队来说，重要的是与猫的主人直接交流，因为猫的行为类型各不相同。
Going to the source means surveying various humans who care for these animals.
问题的根源在于调查照顾这些动物的各种各样的人。
A "freedom defender" would be more likely to embrace their pet's natural instincts and accept the risks of a free-roaming cat in comparison to "conscientious caretaker" who is more likely to keep their cat indoor at least some of the time.
一个“自由卫士”更有可能接受他们宠物的天性，接受一只自由漫游的猫所带来的风险，而“尽责看管人”则更有可能让他们的猫至少有一段时间呆在室内。
No matter where you or the cat lover in your life falls on this spectrum, researchers agree that simply being mindful goes a long way.
研究人员认为，无论你或爱猫的人在生活中属于这一范畴中的哪一种，只要保持专注就会大有裨益。
"We hope this research inspires people to think about what type they are and to have conversations with their friends and family about the responsibilities that cat owners might have, both to themselves and to other wildlife," Crowley said.
克劳利说:“我们希望这项研究能启发人们思考猫的类型，并与朋友和家人讨论猫的主人对自己和其他野生动物可能负有的责任。”
"We think this can happen without a conflict between cat lovers and bird projects."
“我们认为，爱猫者和爱鸟者之间是可以做到没有冲突的。”
The University of Exeter study is ongoing with its next rendition to be published towards the end of this year.
埃克塞特大学的研究正在进行中，其下一个版本将于今年年底出版。
You can read more about the methodology and results in the science journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
你可以在科学杂志《生态与环境前沿》上阅读更多关于该方法和结果的文章。
问题
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