首页 > 分享 > 【图片】浅谈宠物驱虫的必要性【万州动物福利中心吧】

【图片】浅谈宠物驱虫的必要性【万州动物福利中心吧】

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-08-16 10:22

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李小燊

寄生虫不但对宠物危害多多，而且是小动物主要传染给人类的疾病。让我们从现在起养成定期驱虫的好习惯，消除犬猫和人类共同的威胁！
一．体内寄生虫：
危害犬猫和人类的体内寄生虫主要是钩虫、绦虫、蛔虫等肠道寄生虫以及心丝虫。寄生虫有一定的潜伏期，发病初期很少看到临床症状，往往被宠物主人忽视。寄生虫病会导致宠物日渐消瘦、呕吐、便秘、拉肚子等不适应症状，严重时可能导致腹水。
1、蛔虫
这是小狗最普遍感染的一种寄生虫，米色的，像条橡皮筋，寄生在肠道内，吸收已消化的养分。这种寄生虫大多数是从母体垂直传染来的，特征是会有下痢、呕吐、胀气等情况。因此，小狗最好在一个月大的时候就要驱蛔虫。有效的驱蛔虫的口服药，可以很快地驱除肠道里的蛔虫。
蛔虫经常引起动物腹胀、呕吐、先腹泻后便秘，偶尔出现咳嗽症状。幼虫移行后会导致肝损伤、神经系统损伤、失明等严重后果。

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李小燊

2、钩虫
寄生在十二指肠内，又称“十二指肠虫”。虫体细小，头部有细钩，咬住肠壁吸血，造成血便、黑便，以及贫血。粪便检查可以看见椭圆形的虫卵。
对钩虫的治疗，平时养成为犬定期驱虫的好习惯。广谱驱肠道寄生虫口服药，对狗猫的钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和绦虫的驱除有良好效果。最好在母狗妊娠之前和分娩后的第4、6、8周进行杀虫。一般的传统市售驱虫药不能杀死在宠物体内移行的幼虫，特别是人用驱虫药物更不可乱用。由于钩虫卵在潮湿的土壤里生存，如果被钩虫感染的狗狗住在潮湿的泥沙地方，这时应该将狗狗的住地迁到无钩虫卵生存的地方，防止再次感染。水泥或卵石地面可以保持干燥，同时阳光照射可以杀死幼虫。
钩虫会导致动物带血腹泻，身体虚弱和脱水，贫血。传染给人会造成人皮肤损伤，使皮肤强烈瘙痒。

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李小燊

3、绦虫
虫体像扁扁的面条，有片节，一片片成长串，寄生在肠子里吸收养分。每一片脱落之后，又会向前长出头部，咬住狗狗的肠壁，向后慢慢又长出一长串。如果在小狗的粪便里看到像蛆一样会动的虫体就是绦虫。片节聚集在小狗肛门附近，使得小狗肛门剧痒而坐在地上磨得靠主人细心的观察。这种虫以跳蚤为媒介传染，所以长跳蚤的小狗几乎免不了有绦虫。
避免绦虫的反复感染有时并不容易。首先是控制犬猫身上的跳蚤，跳蚤肚子里常常有绦虫卵。科学的预防蚤的方法是每月应用驱体外寄生虫药物来预防和杀灭跳蚤。定期预防跳蚤可以有效控制以跳蚤为中介引起的绦虫的感染。
在感染绦虫病后，动物会出现腹疼，肠腔堵塞、肠扭转甚至破裂，还可能出现呕吐、厌食等症状，有的还会出现剧烈兴奋。绦虫感染人会引起人类血便、腹泻，严重时还会在肝脏、肾脏和大脑内形成囊状物而造成损伤。

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李小燊

4、心丝虫
成虫像细细的米粉，寄生在右心室及邻近的血管，靠蚊子媒介传染。当狗儿被含有感染仔虫的蚊子叮咬之后，虫体随着血流，最后回到右心室成长茁壮。七个月之后，长大为成虫，开始产下细小的仔虫，又随血液遍布全身，常在布满细小血管的肝与肾居留，造成严重的障碍。成虫在右心室越聚越多，最多可达三百条，不但使右心室扩大，连带肝脏的血液无法完全回流到右心，形成肝肿大，紧接着腹水大量的产生。而过多的虫体也会跑到肺脏，形成阻塞。狗儿变得很容易疲倦，消瘦。浅浅的咳嗽，运动一下子就气喘如牛。有时成虫也可能游走全身，造成局部的血栓，若虫体躲在供应心脏营养的冠状动脉里，很容易使狗儿的心脏一下子承受不了而休克死亡。目前在野外的流浪狗，感染率达三成以上，也就是每三只狗中就有一只有心丝虫。幸好，目前检疫技术发达，采一点血，两分钟就可得知结果。
心丝虫治疗的关键是驱除成虫，比如应用伊维菌素可以有效杀灭心丝虫。防止和消灭蚊是预防本病的关键。所以应用能够预防蚊虫感染药物非常重要。除了有效杀灭蚤、蜱、虱外。法国梅里亚公司产的全心保能有效防治心丝虫病的发生。
蚊子为心丝虫中间宿主，为夏季重点预防的人畜共患病。犬猫可表现为咳嗽、心悸，腹围增大，呼吸困难、贫血、衰竭而死。

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李小燊

5.蛲虫
蛲虫俗称线虫，动物感染蛲虫后，在胃及十二指肠内孵化，最后在小肠下段及大肠发育成成虫。当夜间动物熟睡后，由于肛门比白天松弛，蛲虫便爬到肛门周围产卵。一次可有数条甚至几十条蛲虫爬出，刺激肛门周围皮肤，造成痒感，影响睡眠。

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李小燊

6、鞭虫
细小的马鞭形虫体，寄生在盲肠及大肠，造成下痢。粪便检查可见椭圆形的虫卵，这种虫目前已少见。最头痛的是鞭虫卵，你要做的是清洁，清洁，清洁。最好淘汰所有狗狗用过的玩具和狗狗嚼过的东西。换新的狗圈离开鞭虫卵感染地。及时应用广谱驱虫药物可以避免环境被虫卵污染。这也同时可以减少人被感染的风险。

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