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荷兰猪的史上最全的品种名单

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-08-16 22:17

荷兰鼠个头和饲养方式都差不多,中学生比较适合饲养的，价格按不同品种不同，最便宜的是三花短顺,价格在15-35之间。这个价位比低了,而15元买来的小东西能长到500-700克,而且能陪你度过5-7年的时光,很合算了。

荷兰猪历史背景

自其驯化以来已经衍生出许多豚鼠或豚鼠品种。公元前5000年。品种的外观和目的各不相同，从长发飘逸的秀发到科学用作模范生物的品种。从约公元1200年，西班牙人在1532年征服印加帝国，南美土著人民的选择性繁殖导致了出现许多家养豚鼠的地方品种，这些品种构成了一些现代正规品种的基础。早期的安第斯品种主要作为农业食品保存，而改良豚鼠作为食物来源的努力一直延续到现代。

随着15世纪豚鼠出口到欧洲，育种的目标转向专注于吸引宠物的发展。为此，各种竞争性育种组织由鸽友创立。美国兔子育种者协会是美国兔子育种者协会的附属机构，是美国和加拿大的管理机构。英国海军委员会管理英国的豚军俱乐部。类似的组织存在于澳大利亚（澳大利亚国家军队委员会）和新西兰（新西兰海军委员会）每个俱乐部都发布自己的完美标准并确定哪些品种有资格展示。新品种在21世纪继续出现。

虽然有许多品种的豚鼠，但在展台上常见的只有少数品种是宠物。发现作为宠物的大多数豚鼠要么被育种者发现不合需要的，要么被培育成令人愉快的宠物，无论它们如何满足完美的品种标准。英国/美国短毛，阿比西尼亚（粗糙涂层），秘鲁（长涂层）和Sheltie（也称为Silkie，长涂层）品种是最常见的宠物，前三种是豚鼠竞争性展示史上的核心品种。除了标准形式外，几乎所有品种都采用缎面变体。由于它们的中空毛干，缎面具有特殊光泽和光泽的外套。然而，越来越多的证据表明，负责缎面涂层的基因也会引起严重的骨骼问题，包括骨营养不良和佩吉特病。由于动物福利原因，一些豚鼠育种者协会禁止显示缎面变化。

所有的豚鼠品种都有一些共同的标准：头部轮廓应该是圆形的，有大眼睛和大而光滑的耳朵。身体应该坚固，结构紧凑。在所有变化中，涂层颜色应该从根部到尖端清楚地定义和彻底。长期建立的，通常繁殖的品种最能满足这些标准，因为它们的繁殖者有足够的时间和动物来有效地繁殖这些品质。除了光滑涂层的品种之外，很少能够满足良好清晰度和彻底性的涂层颜色，这些品种已经建立了不同颜色的独立育种品系。

获奖的淡紫色和白色Silkie

荷兰猪品种大全

American-美国种

最常见的豚鼠品种，美洲豚鼠是ARBA公认的品种。它们将由ARBA以十九种颜色分类输入和显示;黑色，奶油色，红色，白色，任何其他自我（米色，巧克力色，淡紫色，红眼橙色），斑纹，软羊皮，稀释固体，金色固体，银色固体，稀释刺豚鼠，金色刺豚鼠，银刺豚鼠，达尔马提亚，荷兰语，喜马拉雅，龟壳和白色，任何其他标记（破碎的颜色和龟壳）和棕褐色图案（黑色棕褐色，蓝色棕褐色，巧克力棕褐色，米色棕褐色和淡紫色棕褐色）。美国种要将后脚摆放在动物下面，前脚稍微摆在肩膀前面，不应该被迫进入一个昏昏欲睡的位置或伸展出来。

美国人要拥有宽阔的肩膀，罗马鼻子和完整的皇冠，而且外套要短而柔滑。外套应该有羽毛，粗糙或薄或长的外套。取消脊，玫瑰花，侧须或缎光泽的资格，不要与某些品种的自然光泽相混淆。耳朵要下垂但不要堕落，眼睛要大胆而明亮。

The American is known for its sweet and docile personality, and is considered by many an excellent breed of cavy for new owners.

美国种以其甜美和温顺的个性而闻名，许多人认为它是新主人的优秀品种。

White Crested-白冠

The White Crested is similar to the American, but they have one white rosette on the forehead.The breed standards and ideals are nearly identical, with the exception that a White Crested cavy's crest should be completely of a color different from the rest of the animal.Most usually the crest is white, as necessitated by the ACBA standard.No other white hair should be present in the animal.By this standard, White Cresteds are not bred in colourations that have white anywhere on the body, such as Dutch, roan, and Dalmatian.

白冠与美国种类似，但额头上有一个白色玫瑰花。品种标准和理想几乎完全相同，但白冠豚鼠的嵴应完全与动物的其他部分颜色不同。大多数情况下，顶部是白色的，这是ACBA标准所必需的。动物中不应存在其他白发。按照这个标准，白冠不是在身体任何地方都有白色的颜色中繁殖的，例如荷兰种，罗恩种和达尔马提亚人种。

Satin versions-缎版

The satin is a variety with a characteristic satin-like, almost glassy sheen to its coat as its name suggests.The hair shaft on a true Satin cavy is to be hollow.The genetic factor for satin coat is recessive and found in all types of coat, long, rough, curly and short.Satin coat is linked toOsteodystrophy(OD), an incurable and potentially painfulmetabolic diseaseof the bones.OD symptoms begin showing at around 12 to 18 months, including wobbly gait, problems with eating, and with sows,parturitioncomplications.Due to animal welfare concerns, some registries such as the Swedish and Finnish guinea pig associations, refuse to register satin cavies or cavies with a satin parent.

正如其名称所示，缎面是一种具有缎面特征，几乎玻璃般光泽的缎面。真正的Satin豚鼠的毛干是空心的。缎面涂层的遗传因素是隐性的，存在于所有类型的外套中，长，粗，卷曲和短。缎面涂层与骨质疏松症（OD）有关，这是一种无法治愈且可能疼痛的骨骼代谢疾病。OD症状在12至18个月左右开始显现，包括步态摇摆，进食问题以及母猪，分娩并发症。由于动物福利问题，一些登记处，如瑞典和芬兰豚鼠协会，拒绝登记缎面腔或缎带父母的蛀虫。

There is a Satin version of the following breeds;Abyssinian, American, Peruvian, Silkie, and Teddy.

有以下品种的缎面版本;阿比西尼亚人，美国人，秘鲁人，丝绸人和泰迪。

Silkie -丝毛

A Silkie has long, smooth coat that flows back over the body.A Silkie must never have any rosettes or any hair growing in a direction towards its face.Its coat should not have a part.When viewed from above, a Silkie and its coat forms a teardrop shape.The coat is generally accepted to have a somewhat longer sweep of hair in the rear.

Silkie有长而光滑的外套，可以回流到身体上方。Silkie绝不能让任何玫瑰花饰或任何头发沿着朝向脸部的方向生长。它的外套不应该有一部分。从上面看，Silkie及其外套形成泪滴状。通常认为外套在后部有一些较长的头发。

Rex

音译雷克斯吧。

波纹状的短毛，长度不超过1.2cm，硬质，直立，有弹性，抚摸过后会恢复原状。颜色没有要求。被毛不能有玫瑰旋，否则不得判定为Rex。

Peruvian -秘鲁

The Peruvian resembles the Silkie with its smooth coat, but has a prominent "forelock" resulting from a portion of its coat on the head and the neck growing forward on the body.

秘鲁人类似于Silkie的光滑外套，但有一个突出的“前额”，因为头部的一部分外套和颈部向前生长。

Coronet-皇冠

The Coronet resembles the Silkie with its smooth coat growing backwards over its body, but it has a crest on its forehead.As with the short-coated crested breeds, this crest should be symmetrical and distinct with a small centre and no sticking hairs.

Coronet类似于Silkie，它的光滑外套在身体上向后生长，但它的前额有一个波峰。与短涂覆的凤头品种一样，这个顶部应该是对称的，并且具有小的中心并且没有粘毛。

Merino -美利奴

The Merino resembles the Coronet, but has curly hair.This breed is not recognized by ARBA

美利奴类似于皇冠，但有卷发。该品种未被ARBA认可

Lunkarya

The Lunkarya, sometimes Lunk for short, is a new breed group developed first in Sweden, and mainly seen in the Nordic countries.It has a long, rough, curly coat that should be very dense and full.The group has three breed variations: the Lunkarya Peruvian (with a prominent forelock), the Lunkarya Sheltie (with the hair flowing back over the body), and the Lunkarya Coronet (with a crest on the forehead).

It was initially described as a dominant rex Peruvian, but later was named Lunkarya, a variation of the last name of breed's creator Lundqvist.This breed is not recognized by ARBA.

Lunkarya，有时简称Lunk，是瑞典首先开发的新品种，主要见于北欧国家。它有一个长而粗糙的卷曲外套，应该非常密集和饱满。该组有三种品种：Lunkarya Peruvian（有一个突出的前额），Lunkarya Sheltie（头发向后流过身体）和Lunkarya Coronet（额头上有一个嵴）。

它最初被描述为主要的rex秘鲁人，但后来被命名为Lunkarya，品种的创造者Lundqvist的姓氏的变体。该品种未被ARBA认可。

Sheba

The Sheba is a long haired, rosetted cavy, characterized by mutton chop whiskers, with frontal, presented to one side of the face, and in a naturally tousled appearance.They have been recognized as a cavy breed in Australia.Their breed standard was developed by Wynne Eecen of Sydney New South Wales, in the 1970s, and was published in her bookPigs Isn't Pigs.Often referred to as the "Bad Hair Day" Cavy.This breed is not recognized by ARBA.

Sheba是一种长发，玫瑰花状的豚鼠，其特点是羊肉剁须，正面，呈现在脸的一侧，呈现自然蓬松的外观。它们在澳大利亚被认为是一种豚鼠。他们的品种标准由悉尼新南威尔士州的Wynne Eecen在20世纪70年代开发，并在她的书Pigs IsNotPigs中发表。通常被称为“坏头发日”豚鼠。该品种未被ARBA认可。

Abyssinian -阿比西尼亚

The derivation of the breed's name is unknown, but does not connote an origin in the geographical region of Abyssinia (present dayEthiopia).

该品种名称的来源是未知的，但并不意味着起源的地理区域阿比西尼亚（现埃塞俄比亚）。

阿比西尼亚（Abyssinian）品种以其“花环”而闻名，这些花纹是从外套上长出来的。根据ARBA标准，玫瑰花结值25分。头发粗糙粗糙，在身体上形成精确的玫瑰花结。表演豚鼠上有10个玫瑰花结;四个马鞍，两个肩膀，两个臀部和两个臀部玫瑰花结。一些评判机构，例如ANCC，认为肩部玫瑰花结是可选的，但在展示阿比西尼亚人时需要。玫瑰花结是圆形的，具有精确的中心位置，并且因为排水沟（细长的玫瑰花结），双玫瑰花结和不均匀的位置而出现故障。任何显示干扰额外玫瑰花结或缺少任何所需玫瑰花结的阿比西尼亚人将被取消参赛资格。双玫瑰花结不计入最终玫瑰花数。

在阿比西尼亚的头发的玫瑰花之间是山脊，按照ARBA标准值25分。理想情况下，两个玫瑰花结之间的脊应该是直立的，即使用手掌轻轻按下也不会破坏任何一侧。每个马鞍，臀部和臀部莲座之间应该有一个领脊，后脊，臀部脊和脊。ARBA有缺陷的外套，弯曲的山脊，短外套和柔软的质地。其他头发不合格包括长度超过1.5英寸的外套和缎面光泽（不要混淆某些品种的自然光泽）。所需的头部装饰（ARBA标准为5分）包括一个形状良好的胡须和一个直立的鬃毛。

Abyssinians are deemed by many as good pets for experienced owners of exotic animals but their excitable nature makes them not necessarily a good choice for first time cavy owners.

阿比西尼亚人被许多人认为是经验丰富的异国动物主人的好宠物，但他们兴奋的性质使他们不一定是第一次出生的主人的好选择。

Teddy

泰迪

毛质和Rex相同，但是生长方向是从臀部朝向头部的，头部要有一个明显的帽檐形状。不得有玫瑰旋，否则判定为非Teddy。毛的长度不得超过1.2cm。

Hairless-无毛

很少有无毛豚鼠品种，最常见的品种是瘦骨嶙峋的猪和鲍德温。它们是两个独立的品种，具有不同的遗传因素使它们无毛。无毛豚鼠一般需要更温暖的住宿和更多的能量丰富的食物，以弥补身体热量的损失。他们也容易受到干旱，皮肤干燥，皮肤感染，需要精心饲养。

Skinny -瘦猪

The Skinny is a mostly hairless breed, with some short rough hair on the face and the feet.Pups are born nearly hairless.

The breed was developed from a hairless laboratory strain crossed with Teddies and other haired breeds.

Skinny是一种大多无毛的品种，脸上和脚上有一些短粗糙的头发。小猪出生几乎无毛。

该品种是从与Teddies和其他头发品种杂交的无毛实验室菌株开发的。

Baldwin-鲍德温

The Baldwin is a nearly hairless breed.Baldwins are born with a full coat, which sheds out with age until only a little hair remains on the feet.

The breed was developed from spontaneously mutated pups born to American Crested parents of a single breeder.

鲍德温是一种几乎无毛的品种。Baldwins出生时穿着一件完整的外套，随着年龄的增长脱落，直到脚上只留下一点点头发。

该品种是由单个种鸡的美国凤头父母所生的自发突变的幼崽开发的。

Dutch

原意是荷兰，但是本来就叫荷兰猪，因此音译吧，叫做“多琦”怎么样。

也是短顺毛种，被毛颜色为白色和另一种单色或Agouti色。这种豚鼠有特殊的图案，为了方便描述呢，我们把白色视作一张白纸。那非白色区域的分布为：面颊，耳部，躯干的后半部分。但是后足的足趾和跗关节之间是白色，这叫“foot stop”，是Dutch的重要特点，没有foot stop不能叫做Dutch。

Self

A self cavy is uniformly of one colour, without any ticking or patterning.Self guinea pigs come in a variety of colours.The colours include:

Ticked

Ticked cavies have black series hairs with red series ticking, ie each individual hair has stripes of both a black and a red series colour.In case a ticked cavy also has the tortoiseshell pattern, the red series patches are uniformly coloured while the black series patch.

剔空的蛇蝎有黑色系列毛发，红色系列滴答作响，即每根头发都有黑色和红色系列颜色的条纹。如果勾选的豚鼠也具有龟甲纹，则红色系列贴片均匀着色而黑色系列贴片。

An agouti cavy has a solid coloured belly and is otherwise fully ticked.Two common variations are the golden agouti, with black and red, and the silver agouti, with black and white.Any other color combinations in the USA are called dilute agouti.

agouti cavy有一个纯色的腹部，否则完全打勾。两种常见的变化是金色刺豚鼠，黑色和红色，银色刺豚鼠，黑色和白色。美国的任何其他颜色组合称为稀释刺豚鼠。

Solid agouti A solid agouti is completely ticked.Its variations are referred to like normal agoutis, ie a solid agouti with black and red would be called a golden solid agouti, and so forth.

固体刺豚鼠完全刺破了固体刺豚鼠。它的变化被称为普通agoutis，即黑色和红色的固体刺豚鼠称为金色固体刺豚鼠，依此类推。

Patterned-带花样的

Brindle

A brindle cavy has intermixed hairs of both black and red series colours throughout their coats, with no ticking.An ideal show brindle appears uniformly coloured, with both series appearing evenly all over.

斑纹

斑纹豚鼠在它们的外套中混杂着黑色和红色系列的毛发，没有滴答声。理想的显示斑纹呈现均匀的颜色，两个系列均呈现均匀。

Dutch

A Dutch cavy has a specific white pattern: a blaze on the face, a wide white band around the neck, chest, and the belly, including the front paws, and white tips on the hind feet.The pattern is essentially the same as the Dutch pattern in rabbits, and was named after it.

荷兰

荷兰豚鼠有一个特殊的白色图案：脸上有火焰，脖子、胸部和腹部有白色的宽带，包括前爪，后脚有白色的尖端。该模式基本上与兔子的荷兰语模式相同，并以其命名。

Himalayan

A Himalayan cavy has a white body with coloured points (face, ears, feet).It is anacromelanic, ie temperature-responding colouration, and its degree of darkness depends on how cool or warm the cavy is kept in. Show Himalayans should have black or dark brown points with ruby, ie dark red, eyes.The darkest areas should be the face, paws, and the feet.

Himalayan

这个就直接翻译成喜马拉雅好了。喜马拉雅其实是一种特殊的白化豚鼠。出生后随着年龄增长，鼻子、耳朵和足部逐渐变成黑色或巧克力色（只有这两种颜色被认可）。深色区域与白色区域的分界要非常明显，这一点是喜马拉雅豚鼠的核心。而且，深色部分在天气很冷时会变深，天气很热时变淡。

足部的颜色不是深色，深色部分混杂着白色，趾甲不是深色都不能判定为是喜马拉雅

Magpie

A magpie cavy is a particular form of brindle, with black for the black series and white for the red series.It can easily be confused with Roan, although in magpie the white hairs can appear anywhere on the cavy.

鹊

喜鹊豚鼠是一种特殊形式的斑纹，黑色为黑色系列，白色为红色系列。它很容易与Roan混淆，虽然在喜鹊中白头发可以出现在豚鼠的任何地方。