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循环水养殖系统下藻鱼互作效应及对水质调控的研究

萌宠菠菠乐园
2025-01-04 07:16

摘要： 为探讨循环水养殖系统下藻鱼相互作用及混养藻类对水质的净化作用，本文选取一种耐高温藻类--江蓠(Gracilaria spp.)与珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂)混养在循环水养殖系统中，研究添加江蓠后，循环系统中的水质变化及藻鱼的生长情况。结果显示：循环水系统添加江蓠起到了明显的水质净化效果并促进了石斑鱼的生长。添加江蓠的实验组养殖桶中水体氨氮、亚硝酸氮和活性磷酸盐浓度比对照组分别降低了5.05%、98.81%和69.26% 。相对于对照组，实验组石斑鱼的增重率、存活率分别为67.37%、96.43%，是对照组的2.10倍、1.69倍。实验组在养殖实验期间，江蓠特定生长率均达3%以上，增重量达1.5倍以上。同时，本文为揭示江蓠和循环水养殖系统中水质的改善、石斑鱼生长性能提高之间的因果关系，进行了格兰杰因果检验，结果验证了添加江蓠是养殖水体中氨氮浓度降低、珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生物量及存活率提高的主要原因。研究结果表明，循环水养殖模式既能促进藻鱼互利共生，又可有效净化水质。本研究将促进多层次综合养殖模式的开发与应用。

关键词: 江蓠, 珍珠龙胆石斑鱼, 循环水养殖系统, 互作效应, 水质调控

Abstract: This study investigated the impacts of algae-fish interactions on wastewater purification in a recirculating aquaculture system, with and without the high-temperature resistant Gracilaria spp. as the experimental alga. The effects of Gracilaria spp. on the quality of the system wastewater and the growth performance of the hybrid pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂) were examined. The results showed that the presence ofGracilaria spp.: 1) improved wastewater quality and reduced the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and phosphate in the wastewater in the grouper culture bucket by 5.05%, 98.81%, and 69.26%, respectively, compared with the control group without Gracilaria spp.; and 2) promoted the growth performance of the groupers, their weight gain rate, and survival rate in the experimental group increasing by 2.10- and 1.69-fold (to 67.37% and 96.43%), respectively, compared with the control group. In addition, the Gracilaria spp. grew rapidly in the experimental treatment. Their specific growth rate was more than 3% and their wet weight was more than 1.5 times during the culture experiments. We also conducted a Granger causality test to examine the causal relationships between the presence of Gracilaria spp., the wastewater quality improvements, and the growth performance of the groupers in the recirculating aquaculture system. Our results confirmed that the addition of Gracilaria spp. to a recirculating aquaculture system should reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration and increase the biomass and survival rate of the groupers. The study showed that a recirculating aquaculture system enhanced the mutualistic relationship between algae and fish, whilst also efficiently improving water quality and should lead to the further development and application of multi-level integrated aquaculture models.

Key words: Gracilaria spp., Pearl Gentian grouper, recirculating aquaculture system, interdependence effect, wastewater quality