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《水产养殖水质调控》PPT课件.ppt

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2025-01-04 07:17

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1、水产养殖水质调控 1.6 Water quality control of aquaculture 1.6.1 Main factors affecting water quality Chemistry: 工业，农业，人为活动 Biology: D.O， PH 1.6.2Methos of water quality control 养殖水体水质调控方法 1.6.2.1Chemical control Use chemicals to control PH and toxic (有毒） gas. 1.6.2.2 Physical control 1.Improve bottom layer

2、 quality 改善底质 2.Water resource treatment 水源处理 3.Water exchange or refill 更换或补充新水 1.6.2.3 Biological control生物控制 1、 Increse useful zoonplankton through artificial culture. 2、 Microecologics微生态制剂 3、 Photosynthetic bacteria光合细菌 4、 Higher aquatic plants水生植物 1.6.3 Biological control of water quality 养殖水体

3、水质生物调控措施 1.6.3.1 Obsercation of color and transparency水色和透明度观察 “看水” The fisherman observe the pond water mainly about渔民看水主要依据 1. water color (water expression)水色 (水华 ) （ 1） The relationship between water color and plant plankton （ Table1-1） Pigment Color Algae chlorophyll green green algae, euglena

4、 yellow pigment yellow, yellow-brown diatom, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Cryptomanas phycobilin leucocyan blue, blue-green blue algae rhodophyll purple blue algae （ 2） Water color (water expression) in rich water 肥水“水华”类型 The phenomenon that the water shows evident color owing to the mass propagat

5、ion of plant plankton is call water expression. It can be divided into the follow types according to its apperance （ Table1-2） : Type of water expression Water appearance The composition of algae Water evaluation solution non-flagellate even and stable stable water cloudiness flagellate light-and sh

6、ade good water but with the danger of going bad membranaceo us blue algae with simulated vacuole covered the water surface Good and bad are all possible （ 3） Judge the water quality by its color and expression （ Table1-3）根据水色、水华类型判断水质 water quality grade water color water expression type good water

7、 brown, yellow- brown, green- brown cloudiness, solution-like bad water blue、 purple membranaceous common water green solution-like 2. transparency透明度（ 1） Water transparency and the phytoplankton 透明度与浮游植物的关系（ 2） Water transparency and the water fertility 透明度与水体肥度（ Table1-4） Water fertility transp

8、arency plant plankton amount water color High unfertile wate 100 5 no color Unfertile water 100-50 5-10 a little color Fertile water 50(40)-20 10(20)-100 tinted High fertile water 20-10 100-200 rich color Used out water 200 very rich color 3. Observation of water nutrition水体肥瘦与水质判别 Iii Water fertil

9、ity and the water quality: fertilized, circulating, fresh, cleanThe meaing of fertilized, circulating, fresh and clean in biology肥、活、嫩、爽 The good water in fishermans eye is high summarize as the four words. This is much more comprehensive than only judge the water by its color. However, there actual

10、ly has an concept of biological meaning of the four words. Its quite essential to make this clear by test the species and quantity of the plant plankton. （ 1） Fertility. The concept of fertile water is not unified now. some according to the nutritive saltsand and dissolved organic matter quantity, s

11、ome according to the amount of plankton. But in a fishermans eye, the sign of fertile water is the rich color of it, which means the quantity of plant plankton. (2) circulating means there are changes of water color and transparency (3) fresh means the water is fertilize and vigorous. (4) clean the

12、premise is fresh, which means the plant plankton is growing, and the same time there is few other suspendedsolids like mud in the water. we can see the biological standard of the water for fish cultivation in a fishermans eye: A.The quantity of plant plankton should be 20- 100 milligram per liter.浮游

13、植物量 20 100毫克 /升 B.Many Flagellatae, few small-size blue algae.鞭毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少 C.The algae community in a growing period and no senescence of the cell.藻类种群处于增长期，细胞未老化 D.Not too much suspended substance except plankton.浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过多 1.6.3.2 Regulation of Water Fertility水体肥度调控 The fertility of breedi

14、ng water mainly depends on the quantity of phytoplankton; more phytoplankton means fertile,while less phytoplankton means poor. So the water named differently accordingly as fertile water, poor water, old water, and even good water (in terms of quality) . The regulation of water fertility for increa

15、sing species yield just obey the ground rules as follows. 1.Making poor water become fertile廋水变肥 Reasons for being poor:(1) lack of nutritional salt; (2)phytoplankton has been intaken by zoonplankton. Water control: Add fertilizer(Organic or non- organic) or nutritional salt (nitrogen and phosphorus

16、) 2.Not letting fertile water become old肥水不老 In old water phytoplankton over multiply. And the water is lack of nutritive salt and light so photosynthesis cannot work properly. Old water is the water in which phytoplankton cell becomes old. Water control: At around 10 am of sunny day, use （ 1PPM） C

17、uSO4 to kill green algae. At around 5 pm, drain half of the pond and refill with new water. 3. Old becomes good老水转好 Good water must be fertile water, which means that there are sufficient phytoplankton as primary producer to be eaten by raised animals and bait animals, in the meantime, they can offer oxygen to water. But fertile water doesnt equal to good water. Water control: When color turns dark green (with 25cm of transparency ), replace 1/3 of water in pond. Discussion Methods of water quality control. Thank your listening