宠物内科病（Veterinary medicine）
宠物内科病VeterinarymedicineUrinarycalculiUrinarycalculiisacalculithatisformedinthebladdertostimulateandinjurethemucosaoftheurinarytract,causingtheurethratobeblocked.Urinarycalculiisacalculiformedduetotheprecipitationofthenormalsalineinurine.Thediseaseisacommondiseaseamongdogs,smallshort-leggedhuntingdogsandpoodledogs,withahighincidenceofdog,maleandcarnivorousdogs.(cause)Thereareseveralcauses:thedecreaseofdrinkingwater,theincreaseofsaltconcentration,andtheprecipitationofcrystallinematerials;ThedeficiencyofvitaminAandtheexcessofoestrogenpromotethesheddingofepithelialcellsandformthecoreofcalculi.Urinarytractinfection;Abnormalityofmetabolism,cancausetheobicalculus;ThepHchangesintheurine.Phosphateandcarbonateareeasytoprecipitateinalkalineurine,whileinneutraloracidicurine,uricacidsalts,oxalateanddioxinetendtoprecipitate.[symptomanddiagnosis]Urinarybladdercalculiisdifficult,hematuria,frequenturination,butdogsonlyexcreteasmallamountofurineatatime.Thebladderpalpationcanfeelmultiplestonesrubbingagainsteachotherorpalpationtohardbladdercalculi.Itcanbereflectedbyurineanalysiswhenconcurrentcystitisis
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