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湖北省博物馆战国彩漆凤鸟双联杯

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-10-01 00:43

你好，今天我们来欣赏湖北省博物馆收藏的一件战国漆器彩漆凤鸟双联杯，战国时期新婚夫妇行合卺之礼的酒杯。

湖北省博物馆彩漆凤鸟双联杯

这件造型奇特的彩漆凤鸟双联杯，1987年出土于湖北荆门包山二号战国楚墓，现收藏于湖北省博物馆。

它由两只竹身圆筒杯、木质凤鸟身和微微上翘的鸟尾等部分组合而成。凤首昂起，口中衔有一颗彩绘漆珠。凤的双翼像要负重振翅飞翔。整件器物长17.6厘米，宽14厘米，高9.2厘米。

Thisunusual lacquered phoenix-shaped cup was unearthed from the Baoshan No. 2Chu Tomb of Warring States, Jingmen, Hubei in 1987.

It is composed of two cylindrical bamboo cups, a wooden phoenix body and a slightly upturned bird tail. The phoenix raises its head with a lacquered bead in its mouth. The wings of the phoenix are fluttering as to carrying the cups to fly. The whole object is 17.6 cm long, 14 cm wide and 9.2 cm high.

想象一下，新郎新娘怎么饮酒呢？原来，圆筒杯的内壁底部各有一个圆孔，有一根竹管相连通。新郎新娘会各执一根吸管放入各自的杯中，表面上各自饮酒，但实际上饮的却是同一杯酒。

Imagine how the bride and groom drink cross-cupped wine on wedding ceremony?

It turned out that, inside the cups, there is a round hole at the bottom, and a bamboo tube is connected to each cup. The bride and groom would each hold a straw into their cups and drink respectively. Though they drink exteriorly in their own cups, they drink the same cup of wine.

因为底部这样的连通设计，酒量大的人可以多喝一些，酒量小的人可以少喝一点。这真是夫妻同甘共苦、心意相通的含蓄表达。双联杯的底部外侧，各有一足，雕刻成雏鸟形状，这大概也是表达对新婚夫妇养育子女的美好祝福吧。

Because of the design at the bottom of the cups, the one who can drink a lot may drink more, and the one who drink a little may drink less. This is really an implicit expression of sharing the weal and woe for the couple. At the bottom of this phoenix-shaped cup, there is a nestling-shaped foot on each side. This is probably a blessing to the newlyweds to give birth to their children.

合卺之礼

卺是一种匏瓜，俗称苦葫芦。将一只卺破为两半，各盛酒于其间，新娘新郎各饮一卺。因卺的苦味使酒也变苦，同饮苦酒预示着婚后夫妻同甘共苦，患难与共。匏瓜剖分为二，象征夫妻原为二体，而又以线连柄，则象征由婚礼把俩人连成一体，合二为一。又因为“匏”是古代乐器的八音之一（金、石、土、木、丝、革、竹、匏），因此又有琴瑟和谐、和睦协调之意。所以，“合卺”之礼预示新娘新郎婚后同甘共苦、和睦协调。

Ceremony of Drinking Gourd Wine (Drinking Cross-cupped Wine)

Jin is a kind of gourd, commonly known as bitter gourd. The gourd is cut into two halves and used to hold wine on wedding ceremony. Since the gourd is bitter, the wine in it will become bitter too. When the bride and the groom drink the wine, it is a promise of sharing the pains and gains in future. Their handles are connected by the ribbon, which is a symbol of union of the bride and the groom. What’s more, gourd is one of the eight kinds of musical instruments (bronze, stone, earth, wood, silk, leather, bamboo, and gourd) in ancient China, the use of gourd also means marital harmony like the music.

As you see, the ceremony of "He Jin Zhi Li" shows the best wishes for the marriage.

电视剧《芈月传》反映了先秦时期楚国和秦国联姻，隆重的婚礼仪式：

敬请关注下期——湖北省博物馆彩漆鸳鸯形盒

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