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人格行为遗传学研究的两类取向

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-10-15 13:37

摘要： 随着行为主义衰落和生物学技术发展, 长期遭受“冷遇”的人格行为遗传学研究近些年成为颇受关注的领域, 并由数量遗传学取向发展到分子遗传学取向。数量遗传学取向主张运用双生子研究、收养研究等设计来估计群体中遗传因素对人格表现型方差的贡献率, 在人格特质、人格障碍、态度与偏好等人格方面做了大量研究。分子遗传学取向主张在DNA水平上用基因测定方法研究特定基因对人格表现型的影响效应, 着重从多巴胺、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素三种神经递质路径考察了基因与人格的关系。未来研究要强调在数量遗传设计中加入对特定基因型的直接测量, 注重多学科和多范式的有效整合, 扩大对健康人群积极人格品质的研究, 加强基因对人格的深层作用机制研究和分子医学层面的人格干预研究。

关键词: 行为遗传学, 数量遗传学, 分子遗传学, 基因, 人格

Abstract: With the decline of behaviorism and the development of biological technology, the behavioral genetic research of personality, which had been once disfavored for quite a long time, has been becoming more and more popular in recent years. It has been moved to the molecular genetic approach from the quantitative genetic approach. The quantitative genetic approach advocates estimating the contribution rate of heredity to the variance of personality phenotype in a population by means of some designs such as twin study and adoption study. It has done many researches on personality trait, personality disorder, attitude and preference, and so on. The molecular genetic approach aims to identify specific genes and examine the effects of them on personality phenotypes at the DNA level. It has mainly investigated the associations of genes from three specific neurotransmitter pathways (dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline) with personality. In the future, we should add identifying directly the specific genotype into quantitative genetic designs, pay attention to the effective integration of multi-disciplines and multi-paradigms, and expand the study of positive personality traits of healthy people. Moreover, we should explore further the deep mechanism of gene’s action on personality and emphasize the intervention research on personality at the level of molecular medicine.

Key words: behavioral genetics, quantitative genetics, molecular genetics, gene, personality