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【编译】使用宠物狗自发性肿瘤作为人类肿瘤模型：寻找适当的指引

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2024-08-16 21:04

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【编译】使用宠物狗自发性肿瘤作为人类肿瘤模型：寻找适当的指引

这个帖子发布于 18 年零 326 天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。

Spontaneous tumours of pet dog as models for human cancers: searching for adequate guidelines.

Riv Biol. 2005 May-Aug;98(2):279-96.

G De Vico G, Maiolino P, Restucci B, Passantino A.

Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina (Italy), Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 MESSINA (Italy).

Despite the ongoing search for "replacement" alternatives, animal models continue to play a crucial role in bio-medical research. However, both in vivo and in vitro models usually employed, such as rodents and/or cell lines, display intrinsic limits related to the specific characteristics of the biological systems used, whose management is very complex, and whose pathology, usually induced under artificial laboratory conditions, is frequently dissimilar to the studied human spontaneous disease. It has been suggested that carrying out clinical trials based on pre-clinical data obtained after a screening on animal models developing the neoplastic disease in a more similar way to human beings, as represented by spontaneous canine tumours, could accelerate the entry of new effective drugs into the clinical practice. In this paper the authors discuss the scientific foundation as well as the ethic and legal concerns related to the use of this "pet model" in comparative oncology, suggesting some "key words" as the necessary starting point for a correct approach to the matter.

使用宠物狗自发性肿瘤作为人类肿瘤模型：寻找适当的指引
虽然一直在寻找“替代”的方法，但动物模型还是继续在生物医学研究中起重要作用。尽管体内体外的动物模型都经常被采用，如啮齿类动物和/或细胞，但是它们和特定的生物系统所具有的特征相比，都有其内在的缺陷，而且它们的管理都非常复杂，它们的病理学变化（经常在人工的实验室环境下诱导）经常和所研究的人类自发性疾病不同。

因此有人建议先对新发生的和人类病理变化相似的疾病动物模型作一个筛选，而后获得临床前资料，此为基础开展临床实验。以犬自发性肿瘤为例，它可以加速一个新的有效治疗药物进入临床实践。在这篇文章中，作者除了讨论了道德和法律上对于在比较肿瘤学中使用这样的“宠物模型”的关注，还讨论了其科学依据，提出了一些“关键词”作为其正确发展的一个必需的起点。

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