夏季繁殖鸟类的光周期生理及眼睛作用的探索。
夏季繁殖鸟类的光周期生理及眼睛作用的探索。
摘要
光周期对性腺周期的调节在鸟类和哺乳动物中都得到了很好的研究和记录。光周期的变化被认为是鸟类年度生理周期开始时间的最有效和最重要的线索。当白昼变长时(如在夏季观察到的)，表明昼长繁殖的鸟类开始繁殖和其他相关功能。鸟类和其他非哺乳动物脊椎动物使用眼外光感受器来测量光周期时间，这种光感受器可能存在于中基底下丘脑(MBH)或相关区域，因此与只有眼睛是唯一的光感受器的哺乳动物不同。下游信号包括甲状腺应答基因，在鸟类和哺乳动物的光周期信号介导中起着至关重要的作用。眼睛在鸟类季节循环中的作用一直是一个有争议的问题，证据既支持也否定任何作用。我们提出，形态学和生理学数据表明，至少在鹌鹑和鸭中，视网膜光感受器可以参与性腺周期。本文综述了鸟类性腺轴光神经内分泌调控的研究进展，并对眼睛在鸟类光周期生理中的作用进行了综述。
本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。
Photoperiodic physiology of summer breeding birds and a search for the role of eye.
Photoperiod regulation of gonadal cycles is well studied and documented in both birds and mammals. Change in photoperiod is considered as the most effective and important cue to time the initiation of the annual physiological cycles in birds. Approaching of long days (as observed in summer months), signal long-day breeding birds to initiation reproduction and other related functions. Birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates use the extraocular photoreceptors which may be present in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) or associated regions to measure the photoperiodic time and so are different from mammals where only the eyes are lone photoreceptive organs. The downstream signaling involves thyroid responsive genes playing a crucial role in mediating photoperiodic signals in both birds and mammals. Role of eyes in the avian seasonal cycle has been a questionable issue with evidences both favoring and negating any role. We propose that morphological as well as physiological data argue that retinal photoreceptors can participate in gonadal cycle, at least in the quail and duck. The present review details the studies of photoneuroendocrine control of gonadal axis in birds and review evidences to decipher the role eyes in photoperiodic mediated physiologies in birds.
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