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2024-08-26 05:33

The amount of calcium in pig diets must be calculated with precision as too much of this mineral can decrease phosphorus digestibility and feed intake, thereby leading to lower weight gain in pigs.

猪饲料中的钙含量必须精确计算，因为过多的钙会降低磷的消化率和饲料摄入量，从而降低猪的体重增加。

Professor Hans H. Stein from the University of Illinois’ Department of Animal Sciences and the Division of Nutritional Sciences, together with his graduate students, have established the optimum ratio of calcium and phosphorus for most pig weight classes, as published in an article in the Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology.

伊利诺伊大学动物科学及营养科学系汉斯·斯坦（Hans H. Stein）教授，及其指导的研究生，确立了对大多数体重的猪而言最优的钙磷比例，结果发表于《动物科学和生物技术杂志》一篇文章中。

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Final body weight, average daily gain, and gain-to-feed ratio were quantified after a 21-day trial where 640 barrows were fed diets varying in calcium and phosphorus concentration. Photo: Hans Prinsen

在为期21天的试验中，给640头公猪喂食不同钙磷比的饲料，记录体重、平均日增重和料肉比。图：Hans Prinsen

“We determined that if phosphorus is provided at the required level of 0.33%, the optimal ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 1.39:1 or 1.25:1 to maximise daily gain and gain-to-feed, respectively. To optimise bone ash, which is important for breeding sows, the ratio is 1.66:1,” said Prof Stein.

斯坦教授表示，“我们发现，如果磷含量达到所需水平0.33%，最大限度提高日增重和料肉比的钙磷比分别为1.39:1和1.25:1。为了优化骨灰分，这个比例是1.66:1。骨灰分对于母猪繁殖很重要。”

The research team formulated 20 corn-soybean meal-based diets, varying in calcium and phosphorus concentration, and fed them to 640 barrows with an average weight of 11kgs over 21 days. Diets were formulated to contain 0.16, 0.33, 0.44, or 0.5% standardised total tract digestible (STTD) phosphorus and 0.14, 0.29, 0.44, 0.59, or 0.74% STTD calcium. These values represented 50 - 151% of the STTD phosphorus requirement and 30 - 170% of the total calcium requirement.

研究小组制定了20种以玉米和大豆为基础的饮食，它们的钙和磷浓度各不相同，并在21天内喂给640头平均重量为11公斤的公猪。日粮中分别含有0.16、0.33、0.44或0.5%标准化的总消化道可消化性（STTD）磷和0.14、0.29、0.44、0.59或0.74%的STTD钙。这些值代表了STTD磷需要量的50 - 151%和总钙需要量的30 - 170%。

By the end of the 21-day trial, at which time the pigs’ average weight was 22.4kgs, the researchers were able to determine pig growth performance. Specifically, they quantified final body weight, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and incorporation of the minerals into bone. The team also analysed gene expression patterns and found more leakage of calcium out of the gut when the mineral was fed in excess.

在为期21天的试验结束时，猪的平均体重为22.4公斤，此时研究人员能够确定猪的生长性能。具体来说，他们量化了最终体重、平均日增重、料肉比以及骨骼中矿物质的含量。研究小组还分析了基因表达模式，发现过量摄入钙会导致更多钙从肠道流失。

“The bottom line is that it’s very important not to overfeed calcium,” said Prof Stein. “There are some calcium sources in the diet that feed companies may not necessarily be aware of, such as vitamin premixes that use calcium as a carrier. If you add it all up, you can get quite a bit too much,” he said.

“最重要的是，不要过量摄入钙元素，”斯坦教授说。“饲料中已经有一些钙，而饲料公司不一定知道，如维生素预混剂使用钙作为载体。如果你把这些都加起来，量会稍微有点多”，他说。

Stein adds that a European study determined pig diets contain 0.22% more calcium on average than stated on the product label. On the other hand, commercial diets are unlikely to provide excess phosphorus. It’s not only one of the most expensive nutrients, it can also cause environmental harm when excreted in urine and manure.

斯坦补充说，欧洲的一项研究确定，猪饲料中所含的钙平均比产品标签上所标明的多0.22%。另一方面，商业饲料不太可能提供过量的磷。磷不仅是一种昂贵的营养物质，当它通过尿液和粪便排泄出来时，还会造成环境危害。

原文链接：

https://www.allaboutfeed.net/Feed-Additives/Articles/2019/8/Optimum-calciumphosphorus-ratio-established-for-pigs-465459E/?cmpid=NLC|allboutfeed|2019-08-28|Optimum_calcium:phosphorus_ratio_established_for_pigs

文章来源：All about feed

（文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译，爱猪网原创，转载请注明出处）