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亲子依恋与初中生亲社会行为：有调节的中介效应

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-10-12 07:30

摘要：

亲社会行为是个体在人际交往中表现出的谦让、帮助、合作、分享等行为, 是青少年社会能力发展的重要方面。以往研究表明, 安全的亲子依恋对亲社会行为具有重要影响, 但亲子依恋发挥作用的具体机制及作用条件还有待深入探讨。本研究在发展系统理论及依恋理论指导下, 构建一个有调节的中介效应模型, 检验心理资本在亲子依恋与亲社会行为之间的中介作用, 以及不良同伴交往对上述中介路径的调节作用。采用亲子依恋问卷、心理资本问卷、不良同伴交往问卷以及亲社会行为问卷对737名初中生进行测查。结构方程模型分析表明：(1)在控制了年龄、性别和社会经济地位后, 亲子依恋对亲社会行为具有显著的正向预测作用。(2)中介效应检验表明, 心理资本在亲子依恋与亲社会行为之间具有完全中介作用。(3)有调节的中介效应检验进一步表明, 不良同伴交往调节了“亲子依恋→心理资本→亲社会行为”的前半段, 即当初中生的不良同伴交往偏多时, 亲子依恋对心理资本的促进作用减弱。本研究的发现表明, 安全的依恋关系有利于培养初中生的心理资本, 进而促进亲社会行为。但是, 较高的不良同伴交往会阻碍亲子依恋积极作用的发挥。本研究验证了家庭系统、同伴系统和个人系统对亲社会行为的联合作用, 对初中生亲社会行为的培养具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 亲子依恋, 亲社会行为, 心理资本, 不良同伴交往, 有调节的中介

Abstract:

Prosocial behavior refers to behaviors that benefit others, such as sharing, helping and cooperating. The development of prosocial behavior is an important part of adolescent socialization. Substantial literature has documented the important influence of parent-child attachment on prosocial behavior; however, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. In this study, guided by development system theories and attachment theory, a moderated mediation model was constructed to examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of family (parent-child attachment), individual (psychological capital) and peer (deviant peer affiliation) factors on adolescent prosocial behavior. Specifically, the present study examined whether parent–child attachment is indirectly related to prosocial behavior through psychological capital, and whether this indirect association is moderated by deviant peer affiliation. A total of 737 junior high school students (mean age = 13.92 years, SD = 0.73) participated in this study. They anonymously filled out questionnaires regarding parent-child attachment, psychological capital, deviant peer affiliation, and prosocial behavior. All the measures have good reliability and validity. After controlling for gender and age, the structural equation model showed that: (1) parent-child attachment had a positive effect on prosocial behavior; (2) the positive impact of parent-child attachment on prosocial behavior was mediated by psychological capital; and (3) the mediating effect of psychological capital was moderated by deviant peer affiliation. The indirect effect was stronger for adolescents with low deviant peer affiliation than for those with high deviant peer affiliation. These findings contribute to our understanding of how and when parent-child attachment affects adolescent prosocial behavior as viewed through the lenses of different subsystems of development system theories. On the one hand, psychological capital plays an important role in the association between parent-child attachment and prosocial behavior; therefore, more attention should be paid to psychological capital and parent-child attachment and their roles in improving adolescent prosocial behavior. On the other hand, junior high school students with more deviant peer affiliations may require more attention, because parent–child attachment has a weaker protective effect on them in comparison with students with fewer deviant peer affiliations. The cultivation of adolescent prosocial behavior should focus not only on the effects of family factors, peer factors, and individual factors separately, but also on the combined influence of those factors.

Key words: prosocial behavior, parent-child attachment, psychological capital, deviant peer affiliation, moderated mediation