头部检查-《鼻腔检查》 Outline 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 2 PURPOSE 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 3 INDICATIONSEvaluation of a patient with symptoms of respiratory difficulty, coughing, sneezing, noisy breathing, exercise intolerance, or lethargy。评估患畜的呼吸困难症状、咳嗽、打喷嚏、呼吸声音吵杂运动不耐或或者活力不佳。 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS AND WARNINGS 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 5 POSITIONING AND RESTRAINT 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 6 SPECIAL ANATOMY 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 7 TECHNIQUE:RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION 1. Have the patient stand on the table or on the floor. 2. Examine the nares(鼻腔) for any abnormal discharge. 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 8 3. Characterize any discharge as unilateral or bilateral. Very focal disease such as an inhaled foreign body, dental abscess, or oronasal fistula is most likely to cause a unilateral discharge. Progressive disorders such as fungal rhinitis and neoplasia may cause a nasal discharge that is initially unilateral but progresses to bilateral. Systemic or diffuse disorders such as allergic rhinitis and lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis typically cause bilateral discharge. 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 9 确认鼻分泌物为间侧或双侧。不同的局部疾病如吸入异物(inhaled foreign body)、齿脓疡(dental abscess)或者口鼻瘘管(oronasal fistula),最可能只造成单侧分泌物。进行性的疾病,如真菌性鼻炎(fungal rhinitis)与肿瘤(neoplasia)可能造成鼻分泌物,起初为单侧,但会发展为双侧。全身笥或弥漫性的疾病,如过敏性鼻炎以及淋巴浆细胞性鼻炎(lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis)通常会造成双侧分泌物。 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 10 4. Describe any discharge as watery(水样的), mucoid(粘液性的), purulent(脓性), or bloody(血样). A. A serous (watery) nasal discharge can be normal or can indicate a viral infection, nasal mites, or allergy.A watery discharge could also be the earliest manifestation of any of the disorders causing a purulent nasal discharge. 浆液性(serous)(水样)鼻分泌物可能是正常的,也可能是病毒感染(viral infection)、鼻恙虫(nasal mites)或过敏(allergy)。水样的分泌物也可能为任何造成脓样分泌物疾病的早期现象。 2023-8-8 《宠物临床检查技术》课件 11 B. A cloudy mucoid discharge without an abundance of inflammatory cells can be seen in dogs with allergic rhinitis, cats with chronic viral rhinosinusitis, and dogs and cats with nasal neoplasia, par
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