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Diabetes in Dogs: Symptoms and Treatment

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-12-16 13:39

糖尿病是由缺乏激素胰岛素或胰岛素反应不足引起的复杂疾病。
Diabetes in dogs is a complex disease caused by either a lack of the hormone insulin or an inadequate response to insulin.

吃完饭后，狗的消化系统将食物分解成各种成分，包括葡萄糖，胰腺分泌胰岛素的将葡萄糖运送到细胞内。当狗不产生胰岛素或不能正常利用胰岛素时，他的血糖水平升高。结果造成高血糖，如果不治疗，会引发狗多种复杂的健康问题。
After a dog eats, his digestive system breaks food into various components, including glucose-which is carried into his cells by insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas. When a dog does not produce insulin or cannot utilize it normally, his blood sugar levels elevate. The result is hyperglycemia, which, if left untreated, can cause many complicated health problems for a dog.

然而，重要的是要知道糖尿病是一种可治疗的疾病 – 许多患有糖尿病的狗都过着幸福而健康的生活。
It is important to understand, however, that diabetes is considered a manageable disorder-and many diabetic dogs can lead happy, healthy lives.

大多数狗会患什么类型的糖尿病？
What Type of Diabetes Do Most Dogs Get?

糖尿病可分为1型（缺乏胰岛素生产）或II型（胰岛素产生受损伴有激素反应不足）。
Diabetes can be classified as either Type 1 (lack of insulin production) or Type II (impaired insulin production along with an inadequate response to the hormone.)

狗最常见的疾病形式是1型胰岛素依赖性糖尿病，当胰腺不能产生或分泌足够水平的胰岛素时发生。患有I型的狗需要胰岛素治疗才能存活。II型糖尿病发现于猫身上，并且缺乏对激素的正常反应。
The most common form of the disease in dogs is Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes, which occurs when the pancreas is incapable of producing or secreting adequate levels of insulin. Dogs who have Type I require insulin therapy to survive. Type II diabetes is found in cats and is a lack of normal response to insulin.

狗的糖尿病症状有哪些？
What Are the Symptoms of Diabetes in Dogs?

应该关注以下症状，以防您狗可能患有糖尿病：
The following symptoms should be investigated as they could be indicators that your dog has diabetes:

食欲改变
Change in appetite 过度口渴/耗水量增加
Excessive thirst/increase in water consumption 体重减轻
Weight loss 排尿增多
Increased urination 异常的芳香或果味气息
Unusually sweet-smelling or fruity breath 昏睡
Lethargy 脱水
Dehydration 尿路感染
Urinary tract infections 呕吐
Vomiting 形成白内障、失明
Cataract formation, blindness 慢性皮肤感染
Chronic skin infections

什么导致狗的糖尿病？
What Causes Diabetes in Dogs?

糖尿病的确切原因依然未知。然而，自身免疫疾病、遗传、肥胖症、慢性胰腺炎、特定药物和胰腺中异常蛋白质沉积可能在该病的发展中起主要作用。
The exact cause of diabetes is unknown. However, autoimmune disease, genetics, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, certain medications and abnormal protein deposits in the pancreas can play a major role in the development of the disease.

哪种狗容易患糖尿病？
Which Dogs Are Prone to Diabetes?

据认为，肥胖的狗和雌性狗在生命中后期（6-9岁）患有糖尿病的风险更大。一些特定品种也可能面临更大的风险，其中包括澳大利亚梗、标准和微型雪橇、腊肠犬、贵宾犬，荷兰卷尾狮毛狗和萨摩耶。青少年糖尿病，尤其是在金色猎犬和荷兰卷尾狮毛狗中也是常见。
It is thought that obese dogs and female dogs may run a greater risk of developing diabetes later in life (6-9 years of age). Some breeds may also run a greater risk, including Australian terriers, standard and miniature schnauzers, dachshunds, poodles, keeshonds and samoyeds. Juvenile diabetes can also be seen and is particularly prevalent in golden retrievers and keeshonds.

糖尿病是如何诊断的？
How Is Diabetes Diagnosed?

为了正确诊断糖尿病，您的兽医将收集有关狗的临床症状信息，进行身体检查、血液检验和尿液分析。
In order to properly diagnose diabetes, your veterinarian will collect information about your dog’s clinical signs, perform a physical examination and check blood work and a urinalysis.

糖尿病如何治疗？
How Is Diabetes Treated?

糖尿病治疗方案是基于症状和检验结果的严重程度，此外还要考虑是否存在可能使治疗复杂化的其他健康问题。每只狗所采取的治疗都有不同，治疗方案必须是针对每个个体进行量身定制。
Diabetes treatment is based on how severe the symptoms and lab work are and whether there are any other health issues that could complicate therapy. Each dog will respond a little bit differently to treatment, and therapy must be tailored to the individual dog throughout his life.

首次诊断时，患病较为严重的狗，需要住院密集治疗几天来调节血糖。
Some dogs may be seriously ill when first diagnosed and will require intensive hospital care for several days to regulate their blood sugar. 第一次诊断情况较为稳定的狗可以通过口服药物或换成高纤维饮食，有助于使血液中的葡萄糖水平正常化。
Dogs who are more stable when first diagnosed may respond to oral medication or a high-fiber diet that helps to normalize glucose levels in the blood. 对于大多数狗，通过胰岛素注射来适当调节血糖是必需的。一旦您宠物的胰岛素治疗建档（通常基于体重），您将要开始学习如何在家里给他注射胰岛素。
For most dogs, insulin injections are necessary for adequate regulation of blood glucose. Once your pet’s individual insulin treatment is established, typically based on weight, you’ll be shown how to give him insulin injections at home. 建议您给狗结扎，因为女性性激素可能会对血糖水平产生影响。
Spaying your dog is recommended, as female sex hormones can have an effect on blood sugar levels. 你的兽医也告诉你如何在家里测试葡萄糖。
Your vet may also show you how to perform glucose tests at home.

我应该如何在家治疗狗的糖尿病？
What Should I Know About Treating My Diabetic Dog at Home?

正如您的兽医所说，每天定时给狗注射胰岛素是非常重要的，可以在给药的同时让他进餐。这样可以增加血液中的营养成分，使胰岛素水平达到峰值，同时减少糖分含量过高或过低的机会。您可以与兽医合作，根据宠物的服药时间创建喂食计划。避免给糖尿病狗喂食含葡萄糖高的零食。定期检查血糖是监测和治疗任何糖尿病患者的关键部分，您的兽医将帮助您制定血糖检查时间表。
As your veterinarian will explain, it’s important to always give your dog insulin at the same time every day and feed him regular meals in conjunction with his medication. This allows increased nutrients in the blood to coincide with peak insulin levels, and will lessen the chance that his sugar levels will swing either too high or too low. You can work with your vet to create a feeding schedule around your pet’s medication time. It is also important to avoid feeding your diabetic dog treats that are high in glucose. Regular blood glucose checks are a critical part of monitoring and treating any diabetic patient, and your veterinarian will help you set up a schedule for checking your dog’s blood sugar.

还可以让您的兽医帮你制定一个长期的日常运动计划和合适营养表帮助你的狗在治疗中保持体重。
Please also consult your vet about a consistent, daily exercise program and proper nutrition for your dog to help keep his weight in check.