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Review of the present situation of radiological diagnosis and protection in pet hospitals

萌宠菠菠乐园
2024-10-29 01:54

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20230407-00110

Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20230407-00110

摘要

我国宠物医院快速发展，X射线诊断应用也随之增多，其工作人员和同室协助人员的防护问题值得关注。本文从国际上宠物医院的X射线诊断放射防护相关管理和研究进展出发，结合我国宠物医院X射线诊断的现状、存在的问题以及各部门的管理规定，从中总结出我国宠物医院放射防护中政府部门、宠物医院、放射工作人员以及同室协助人员可能出现的典型问题，并提出当前我国宠物医院放射防护工作的重点，有助于为政府决策提供科学建议，规范完善宠物医院的各项放射防护工作。

关键词：宠物医院;X射线诊断;辐射防护

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of pet hospitals and the increasing application of radiological diagnosis in China, the protection of staff and assistants in these hospitals is worthy of attention. Based on the progress in international management and research with respect to radiological diagnosis and protection in animal hospitals, this paper presents a brief review of the current situation, existing problems and management regulations of animal hospitals in China. It summarizes typical issues that may be encountered in radiation protection by government departments, animal hospitals, radiation professionals and assistants in animal hospitals. It also puts forward the key points of radiation protection in animal hospitals in China, which can provide scientific suggestion to assist government in decision-making and standardizing and improving the radiation protection in animal hospitals.

KEYWORDS： Animal hospital;X-ray radiological diagnosis;Radiation protection

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All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.

引用本文

刘国庆,徐辉,程金生,等. 宠物医院X射线诊断放射防护研究进展[J]. 中华放射医学与防护杂志,2023,43(10)：833-838.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20230407-00110

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版权归中华医学会所有。

未经授权，不得转载、摘编本刊文章，不得使用本刊的版式设计。

除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。

随着人民生活水平日益提高，国民对精神生活方面的需求也越来越高，宠物日益成为人们生活中重要的伙伴 [ 1 ]。2019年全国城镇宠物数量达到9 915万只，比2018年增加766万只。与此同时，宠物医院也快速增多，2017年宠物医院门店总数超过1万家 [ 2 , 3 ]。X射线诊断是宠物医院常用的检查手段之一 [ 4 , 5 ]，特别是对动物的骨折、肺炎、体内异物等疾病，通过X射线成像能准确地判断发病部位及严重程度 [ 6 ]。2013年，我国安装X射线诊断设备的宠物医院超过30% [ 4 ]。2016年，天津市的宠物医院中X射线诊断设备的配备率已超过了60% [ 7 ]。2020年，北京13个辖区的292家宠物医院中X射线诊断设备配备率接近50% [ 8 ]。在我国的宠物医院中，绝大部分接受X射线检查的是狗和猫，也有其他一些小众宠物或者是受伤的野生动物。在我国，猪、牛、羊、马等动物一般被送去专门的畜牧站进行检查和诊疗 [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]。

在宠物医院的放射实践中，使用X射线对动物进行诊断的同时，也会对医护人员或动物主人带来一定的辐射风险。例如在X射线检查过程中，经常需要医院的工作人员或宠物主人用手来限制或安抚受检动物，若设备使用或防护不当，X射线可能会对手部皮肤造成损伤 [ 12 , 13 ]。宠物医院中放射工作人员和公众的防护越来越受到人们的关注 [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]。本文通过调研国际上宠物医院的X射线诊断放射防护相关管理和研究进展，结合我国宠物医院X射线诊断放射防护的研究现状、存在的问题以及各部门的管理规定，总结了我国宠物医院在放射防护方面存在的问题，并提出当前我国宠物医院放射防护工作的重点。本文中关注的宠物医院不包括畜牧站，也不包括动物放射治疗中的放射防护研究。

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